Category Archives: Linux

Howto’s, scripts and tips for Linux

OwnCloud 7 installation on Ubuntu / VirtualMin

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owncloud_logoOwnCloud 7

Store your files, folders, contacts, photo galleries, calendars and more on a server of your choosing. Access them from your mobile device, your desktop, or a web browser. Access your data wherever you are, whenever you need it.

Download the OwnCloud 7 software

Download the OwnCloud 7 software at this location (copy link address of the bz2 file). Use curl to download the file directly to your Ubuntu server:

wget https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-x.y.tar.bz2

Extract the files in your document folder (an OwnCloud directory will be created) with the command:

tar -xjf owncloud-?.?.?.tar.bz2

Now an OwnCloud directory is created. You have to set the ownership of the files manually; do this with the following command:

chown -R [user]:[group] owncloud

After that you have to set the permission a bit more secure by executing the command:

find [owncloud_path] -type d -exec chmod 750 {} \;
find [owncloud_path] -type f -exec chmod 640 {} \;

Use the crontab for scheduled tasks

For better performance and more reliable operation use the system cron tab for OwnCloud scheduled tasks. Add an entry to the OwnCloud user crontab:

crontab -u [owncloud_user] -e

If this is your first crontab edit session choose your favorite editor (mine is vi). Add a line to the end of the crontab temporary file:

*/15  *  *  *  * php -f ~/public_html/owncloud/cron.php

Adding the line above to your crontab takes care for executing the cron.php file every 15 minutes on your system (even when no users visit your site as is the case with the AJAX configuration).

Create the MySQL database

OwnCloud 7 does not store the uploaded files in the MySQL database. It uses the database for user administration. We have to create a MySQL database for the OwnCloud installation. Go to your VirtualMin interface (easiest way to accomplish this). Goto Webmin -> Servers -> MySQL database server  (start MySQL server if needed).

Select Create a new database. Assign the database a name and press Create .
Select “User permissions” and select Create new user . Type a username and password. Type localhost  in the Host field. Select no permissions and press Create .
Return to the database list and choose Database permissions . Choose Create new database permission . Select the database you just created. Type in the Username field the exact same name you typed in the previous step. Type in the Hosts field localhost . Select all permissions and press Create .

Now the database is setup; in the browser navigate to your OwnCloud 7 installation. Fill out the form that appears; press Finish  and you are ready to use OwnCloud 7.

Download a client for your OwnCloud 7 installation. In the example below I use the Mac OS X version.

OwnCloud not in the webroot?

If you don’t install the OwnCloud software in the webroot (ie ~/public_html) then you have to overwrite the webroot. Edit the OwnCloud configuration file at ~/public_html/owncloud/config/config.php. Add an antry to the CONFIG array:

‘overwritewebroot’ => ‘/owncloud’

Increase upload size

Login to your admin account on owncloud. Go to the Admin page. Below File handling specify the new upload size. This setting has to be equal or less than the PHP setting. In virtualmin go to your domain configuration. Select Services -> PHP 5 Configuration -> Resource limits. Increase both the values for “Maximum file upload size” and “Maximum HTTP POST size” to the same value as you have set in the owncloud admin panel.

Add your existing files locally

You can copy your files directly to the owncloud data directory [owncloud_data_directory]/[user]/files/[folder]

After you have copied the files you have to let owncloud know you did this without using the owncloud interface. Owncloud has to rescan his files structure; use this command:

sudo -u [ownclouduser] php /home/[user]/public_html/owncloud/occ files:scan --all

Enable DropBox external storage

With OwnCloud 7 you can enable external storage. With external storage you can access, for example you dropbox files, as if they were part of your OwnCloud. Enable the “External storage app” through the admin interface (Apps).

First you have to tell DropBox about your OwnCloud app. Go to the DropBox developers page. Select the App Console on the left. Configure this page as shown below:
OwnCloud 7

 

 

 

 

 

Select “Create App”.

Enter the OAuth redirect URI as follows:

https://<ownCloud instance>/index.php/settings/personal
https://<ownCloud instance>/index.php/settings/admin

Take note of the AppKey and the App Secret; you have to use this in your OwnCloud configuration:

OwnCloud 7
Select Grant access  and the DropBox screen appears for granting your application access. Press Allow and your configuration is complete; a green light will appear next to the foldername in OwnCloud to indicate correct configuration.

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Change gnome XTerm colors

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To change the gnome XTerm background color (and text color) follow the instructions below.

First of all install the gconf-editor tool

sudo apt-get install gconf-editor

Start the gconf-editor tool and go to apps -> gnome-terminal -> profiles -> Default and change the foreground_color to #FFFFFFFFDDDD  and the background_color to #000000000000 .

Go to an open XTerm window and open the Edit menu and select Profile Preferences. On the colors tab uncheck “Use colors from system theme”.

That’s all; your XTerm terminals now have a black background with a white text color.

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FTP with curlftpfs

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You can easily use curlftpfs to FTP your files. The command below FTP’s a complete directory structure to your local machine. The advantage over the wget command is that the curlftpfs command preserves your file and directory permissions.

Mount an FTP folder with the following command:

curlftpfs ftp.srv.nl /tmp/ftp/ -o user=[username]:[password],allow_other

This will mount the remote (FTP) directory on /tmp/ftp

 

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FTP a folder with wget

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You can easily use wget to FTP your files. The command below FTP’s a complete directory structure to your local machine.

wget -r -nH ==cut-dirs=4 ftp://[username]:[password]ftp.svr.nl/webspace/httpdocs/site1.nl

 

The above command retrieves all files with the folder webspace/httpdocs/site1.nl . The -nH  options makes sure that there is no folder ftp.svr.nl is created. The –cut-dirs=3  options removes 3 (webspace, httpdocs and site1.nl) folders from the remote directory structure and re-creates the structure local (excluding the 3 levels) local.

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GIT logo

Mount NFS share under Ubuntu

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On the server:

Edit the file /etc/exports  file and add the line:

/share hosts(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async,all_squash,anonuid=idofshare,anonguid=guidofshare]

Example:

/home *(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async,all_squash,anonuid=1008,anongid=1008)

Explanation:

/share  is the location you want to share
hosts  is the specification of hosts you allow access
all_squash  to translate all anonymous id’s (not known on server) to the give anonuid and anongid
no_subtree_check does no checking on the complete subtree of filepermissions (see also here)

After adding or changing an export to the /etc/exports file don’t forget to restart the NFS server:

sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart

On the client:

To view the list of exported shares on the server execute the command:

showmount -e [ip_of_server]

 

Example of output:

Export list for 192.168.2.200:
/home *

To mount the NFS share local create a new subfolder and execute the command:

mount -v [host]:/home ~/home/

This will mount the folder /home on the server local on your /home/ folder.

 

 

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Analyze IP addresses accessing your Apache server

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The awk command below retrieves the first column of your apache log file which containsscript the IP address of the browser accessing your host (if you have a virtual host setup with the vhost_combined CustomLog you should retrieve column 2 instead).

After retrieving the column it is sorted and all unique values are determined and counted. After that the list of unique values and there count is sorted (reverse) to get the top list of IP’s.

awk '{ print $1}' $LOGFILE | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr > $DEST

Output of this statement:

606 188.203.177.225
502 84.87.80.237
376 86.81.89.200
365 24.132.181.21
295 94.212.84.128
279 86.81.89.250
251 94.212.208.48
235 85.150.175.72
226 94.212.194.142

 

 

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Setup proxy ignore list on Ubuntu

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Follow these steps to change the proxy ignore list on your Ubuntu installation:

1. Install the dconf-editor:

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

2. Start the dconf-editor and navigate to System -> Proxy; add your hosts to ignore to the ignore-hosts value.

Logoff and logon for changes to take effect

Your can inspect your current settings with:

env | grep proxy

 

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apt-get through socks5 proxy

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Enable temporary proxy for apt-get by editing (create it if not exist /etc/apt/apt.conf  and add the line (change username, password, host and port):

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://uname:upwd@yourhost:port/";

Install the tsocks application:

sudo apt-get install tsocks

Remove the line added in the step before from from /etc/apt/apt.conf

Edit the /etc/socks.conf  file and change the default server to the IP address of your socks server (a domain name does not work!); if applicable also change the port number for your socks connection.

Now to use this new socks proxy go ahead and execute:

sudo tsocks apt-get update

Even though you have removed the proxy settings from the /etc/apt/apt.conf  file this should still update your apt list.

 

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